8 research outputs found
Hydrodynamics of probabilistic ballistic annihilation
We consider a dilute gas of hard spheres in dimension that upon
collision either annihilate with probability or undergo an elastic
scattering with probability . For such a system neither mass, momentum,
nor kinetic energy are conserved quantities. We establish the hydrodynamic
equations from the Boltzmann equation description. Within the Chapman-Enskog
scheme, we determine the transport coefficients up to Navier-Stokes order, and
give the closed set of equations for the hydrodynamic fields chosen for the
above coarse grained description (density, momentum and kinetic temperature).
Linear stability analysis is performed, and the conditions of stability for the
local fields are discussed.Comment: 19 pages, 3 eps figures include
Active Brownian Particles. From Individual to Collective Stochastic Dynamics
We review theoretical models of individual motility as well as collective
dynamics and pattern formation of active particles. We focus on simple models
of active dynamics with a particular emphasis on nonlinear and stochastic
dynamics of such self-propelled entities in the framework of statistical
mechanics. Examples of such active units in complex physico-chemical and
biological systems are chemically powered nano-rods, localized patterns in
reaction-diffusion system, motile cells or macroscopic animals. Based on the
description of individual motion of point-like active particles by stochastic
differential equations, we discuss different velocity-dependent friction
functions, the impact of various types of fluctuations and calculate
characteristic observables such as stationary velocity distributions or
diffusion coefficients. Finally, we consider not only the free and confined
individual active dynamics but also different types of interaction between
active particles. The resulting collective dynamical behavior of large
assemblies and aggregates of active units is discussed and an overview over
some recent results on spatiotemporal pattern formation in such systems is
given.Comment: 161 pages, Review, Eur Phys J Special-Topics, accepte
Avaliação do estado nutricional de atletas de ginástica olímpica do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo Nutritional status evaluation of olympic gymnastics athletes from Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, Brazil
Com o objetivo de avaliar o estado nutricional de atletas de ginástica olímpica, do sexo feminino, foram estudadas 46 ginastas, de 11 a 14 anos, pertencentes a clubes e academias das cidades do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. O estudo antropométrico envolveu medidas de massa corporal, estatura, dobras cutâneas e perímetros. Observou-se diferença significativa para as dobras cutâneas tricipital, suprailíaca, da coxa e da panturrilha e para o percentual de gordura (p<0,05). Para o estudo dietético foram utilizados recordatório de 24 horas e registro alimentar de três dias. As ginastas apresentaram baixo consumo energético. A percentagem de carboidratos, 50% a 58%, e a ingestão protéica de 1,5 a 1,7 g/kg de peso mostraram-se baixa e adequada, respectivamente, frente ao proposto para atletas. O conteúdo de vitaminas foi satisfatório, com exceção do ácido fólico para as adolescentes cariocas. Os minerais julgados inadequados foram cálcio, magnésio, ferro e zinco. O estado nutricional de ferro não apresentou alterações.<br>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of 46 female olympic gymnastics athletes, aged 11 to 14 years old, attending private gymnastics clubs of the cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The anthropometric assessment involved measurements of height, body mass, skinfold thickness and circumferences. Significant difference was observed for the triceps, suprailiac, mid thigh and medial calf skinfolds and for the percentage of body fat (p<0.05). For the assessment of dietary intake a 24-hour recall and a 3-day self-register were used. The energy consumption and the percentage of carbohydrates (50% to 58%) in the diet were low and the protein ingestion (1.5 to 1.7 g/kg of body weight) was appropriate, according to values proposed for athletes. Vitamin intake was satisfactory, except for folic acid of gymnasts from Rio de Janeiro. From the minerals assessed, the intake of calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron was inadequate. No clinical signs of iron deficiency were observed